Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders refer to a group of conditions affecting the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. The TMJ is a hinge joint that connects the jawbone (mandible) to the skull in front of each ear, allowing for movements necessary for chewing, speaking, and yawning. TMJ disorders can cause pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint and surrounding structures, leading to a variety of symptoms.

Common signs and symptoms of TMJ disorders include:

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1. Jaw pain: Pain or tenderness in the jaw joint, which may be aggravated by chewing, yawning, or talking.

2. Limited jaw movement: Difficulty opening or closing the mouth fully, which can affect eating, speaking, and other activities.

3. Clicking or popping sounds: Clicking, popping, or grating sounds may be heard when moving the jaw, often accompanied by pain or discomfort.

4. Muscle stiffness: Tightness or stiffness in the jaw muscles, neck, or shoulders, which may be accompanied by headaches or facial pain.

5. Locking of the jaw: The jaw may temporarily lock or get stuck in an open or closed position, making it difficult to move.

6. Changes in bite: Misalignment of the teeth or changes in the way the upper and lower teeth fit together (malocclusion) may occur, leading to problems with chewing or biting.